Agricultural water institutions in East Africa

Abstract

Climate change is causing growing variability and uncertainty in rainfall in Africa. Since the continent's food production systems are dominantly rain-fed, these changes are putting food security at even higher risk. In order to reduce this dependency, institutional reforms in the agricultural water sectors have become a priority in research and policy. In this report, Atakilte Beyene, senior researcher at the Nordic Africa Institute, together with twelve researchers based in Africa, studies current agricultural water reforms in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and other East African countries. The report consists of four case studies and an introductory section. The first case study evaluates the performance of community participation in water resources governance in the Mount Kenya Region. It uncovers the implication of a ban on traditional institutions on water security at a catchment level. The second case analyses the prospects of introducing pro-poor water schemes in conditions where climate change and water inequality are already challenges. It identifies incentive mechanisms that enhance more efficient distribution and utilization of water resources. The third case examines impacts of competitive and intensive farming strategies, especially irrigation schemes, on water demands. The final case study explores how advances in information and communication technologies improve water-use management systems across organizational and geographic scales.

<p>CONTENTS: 1. Introduction -- Agricultural water resources in perspective -- Key aspects of water institution reforms -- The case studies -- References -- 2. Performance Assessment and Evaluation of Community Participation in Water Sector Governance -- The case of Ngaciuma-Kinyaritha catchment, Mount Kenya Region -- 3. Climate Change, Pro-Poor Schemes and Water Inequality -- Strengths and Weaknesses of Kauti Irrigation Water Users’ Association, Kenya -- 4. Competitive Farming Strategies and their Effect on Water Provision and Profitability among Smallholder Farms -- The Case of Muooni Dam Site, Kenya -- 5. Strengthening Formal Institutions in the Lake Victoria Basin: Role of Integrated Icts in Sustainable Irrigation Resources</p>