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Ten new insights in climate science 2021 : a horizon scan
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2021
Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Research Unit | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain | Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany | Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden | Melbourne Climate Futures, Melbourne Law School, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia | University of California, Irvine, CA, USA | South Africa Centre for Sustainability Transitions (CST), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa | University of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment, Leeds, UK | University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil | Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden | WCRP Joint Scientific Committee (JSC), Canberra, Australia | International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur, Nepal | United Nations University, Institute for Natural Resources in Africa, Accra, Ghana | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden | Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography, University of Education-Winneba, Winneba, Ghana | School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China | Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), and Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark | Center for Health and the Global Environment (CHanGE), University of Washington, Washington, USA | Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA | GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany | Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC), Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany | National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA | University of Oxford, Oxford, UK | Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand | University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada | CSIRO, Canberra, Australia | University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan | Future Earth Global Secretariat, Stockholm, Sweden | Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany | Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil | Anthropogenic Climate Change Center, Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan | Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Miuragun, Hayama, Japan | Centre for Environment & Development, ATREE, Bengaluru, India | Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Cologne, Germany; ZOE Institute for Future-Fit economies, Cologne, Germany | Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada | Concordia University, Montreal, Canada | Erasmus University of Rotterdam, The Netherlands | South Africa Centre for Sustainability Transitions (CST), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Addis Ababa University Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany | Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia | Future Earth Global Secretariat, Stockholm, Sweden | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany | Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA | University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany | Imperial College London, London, UK; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCEIPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France | International Science Council, Paris, France | Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA | Future Earth Global Secretariat, Tokyo, Japan; National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan | Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Cologne, Germany | University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany | University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden | University of Oxford, Oxford, UK | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany | International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany | MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Non-technical summary We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding about the remaining options to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, through overcoming political barriers to carbon pricing, taking into account non-CO2 factors, a well-designed implementation of demand-side and nature-based solutions, resilience building of ecosystems and the recognition that climate change mitigation costs can be justified by benefits to the health of humans and nature alone. We consider new insights about what to expect if we fail to include a new dimension of fire extremes and the prospect of cascading climate tipping elements.
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