The high level of exposure to shocks, in particular climate-related and conflict induced shocks, across the Sahel region exacerbates the vulnerability of the population. It also increases the risk of non-poor falling into poverty. In 2018-2019 a new set of harmonized household surveys were conducted by each of the countries in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and in Chad. The surveys included Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Senegal (Mauritania was not included). These surveys help identify the distributional impact of shocks in much greater detail for the region than before. This note presents the key findings of the surveys summarized in five facts. These findings can help inform the development of adaptive social protection systems across the Sahel.