This paper investigates the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on economic growth across developing countries. It documents the evolution and co-movement of COVID-19 infections with government responses (including health containment measures) across developing countries. It then estimates the impact of the different channels of transmission of COVID-19 on economic growth—thus, identifying factors that contribute to the economic resilience of countries during the pandemic shocks. The findings show that the pandemic’s impact on the decline in growth was substantive across the different developing country groups—although at different rates. The estimates show that a deeper downturn in economic activity due to the pandemic can be averted in countries with higher levels of human capital, well-targeted containment measures, and improved global health security. Diversifying trade patterns (across products and markets) is also crucial, and so is strengthening intraregional trade, as higher commerce across borders within the different developing regions may help secure the supply chains of essential goods in times of crisis—and particularly during pandemics. Finally, having fiscal space and a less risky public debt profile can make these economies more resilient against crisis.