Immaterial Indigenous Modernities in the Struggle against Illegal Fencing in the N a Jaqna Conservancy, Namibia: Genealogical Ancestry and 'San-ness' in a 'Traditional Community'

Abstract

For several years, livestock farmers from different parts of Namibia have settled in the N a Jaqna Conservancy - an area mostly inhabited by San (Bushmen) - and have illegally erected fences to keep livestock. As a result of this encroachment, communal land in N a Jaqna has become de facto privatised. In response, the local San present themselves as the 'indigenous' inhabitants, even though many of them do not originate from the area. They have mobilised the Conservancy as their legal entity - including in a court case - despite Namibia's lack of a legal framework for the recognition and enforcement of global indigenous rights. We analyse their strategic usage of 'traditional community', which is a legal term in Namibia, in this land politics. To this aim, we use the four core pillars (characteristics) of the global concept of 'indigeneity', namely genealogical ancestry, cultural difference (in this case 'San-ness'), non-dominance and self-ascription, with specific emphasis on the...