Organised Crime in Late Apartheid and the Transition to a New Criminal Order: The Rise and Fall of the Johannesburg 'Bouncer Mafia'

Abstract

The Johannesburg bouncer mafia, a series of violent and competing groups, dominated the city's underworld from the late 1980s until the early 2000s. While the bouncer mafia was one of several emerging criminal networks at the time, although the most prominent in respect of Johannesburg's changing illicit drug economy, they provide a useful example of how organised crime originated during South Africa's transition: a fact often commented on, but little understood. A study of the bouncer mafia may yield important conclusions for the rise and fall of criminal groups. Informed by the experience of members themselves, this account provides an opportunity to study the conditions under which organised crime groups take root during periods of political, economic and social transition, including how such groups recruit, consolidate, compete and how they may decline and be replaced. The narrative is told in three phases, their growth, consolidation, transition and decline. The Johannesburg...