The project, begun in 1997 and completed in mid-2002, responded to the key findings of the IDA Participatory Rural Assessment study undertaken in 1994, which identified isolation and lack of road links as substantial constraints to poverty alleviation. It comprised the following components: (1) Infrastructure strengthening studies: (a) a feasibility and environmental impact assessment to determine appropriate design and construction standards of the existing Keren-Barentu- Tessenei road and upgrading of the Barentu-Mendefera road track; to be followed by detailed engineering designs for the agreed civil works; and (b) a national bridge condition and structural strength survey to develop a prioritized program of bridge works to remedy damage and deterioration. (2) Institutional strengthening: (a) technical assistance and training for personnel of the Road Transport Construction Department (RTCD) in procurement and contract administration organization, systems, and procedures; (b) hands-on training to upgrade mechanics skills, including the procurement of spare parts and equipment repairs and training programs; (c) training of trainers; and (d) construction of a small training facility and workshop within the RTCD compound, including basic workshop equipment and training aids.