Yemen's dependence on the oil sector as a source of economic growth is no longer sustainable given the rate at which oil reserves are being depleted. This study was conducted to assess the potential contribution of the mineral sector to sustainable growth and poverty alleviation in Yemen and to define the constraints that will need to be overcome if this potential is to be realized. In so doing it helps to define those areas of government action and donor support that will need to be sustained over the medium to long term. Finally, it will be important for the Government of Yemen to signal its intent and commitment to give to the mineral sector the type of support that will be required over the medium to long term in order to successfully harness the country's mineral potential and bring about wider economic benefits.