Journal Article
What Have We Learned from a Decade of Manufacturing Enterprise Surveys in Africa?
ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT ACCOUNTING BANKING CRISES BANKING CRISIS BANKING PRACTICES BANKING RELATIONSHIP BANKING RELATIONSHIPS BANKS BIASES BORROWING BRIBES BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL STOCK CASH FLOW COMPANY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKET COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT CORPORATION CORRUPTION COUNTRY CREDIT CREDIBILITY CREDIT ACCESS CREDIT CONSTRAINT CREDIT CONSTRAINTS CREDIT HISTORIES CREDIT MARKET CREDIT PROVISION CREDIT RATING CREDIT RATING AGENCIES CREDIT RATINGS CREDIT RELATIONSHIPS CREDIT RISK CREDITWORTHINESS DEMAND FOR CREDIT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS EARNINGS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC RENTS ECONOMIC RISK ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMICS ECONOMISTS EFFICIENCY WAGES ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENDOWMENTS ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE FINANCING ENTERPRISE GROWTH ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE ENTERPRISE SIZE ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS ENTREPRENEURS ENTRY BARRIERS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ETHNIC GROUPS EXCHANGE RATE EXPANSION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNAL FINANCE EXTERNAL FUNDS FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL REFORMS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS FIRM PERFORMANCE FIRM SIZE FIRMS FIXED CAPITAL FIXED COST FIXED COSTS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN INVESTORS FORMAL ANALYSES FORMAL BORROWING FORMAL CREDIT FORMAL LOAN FORMAL LOANS FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GENDER GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDEBTEDNESS INDIGENOUS ENTREPRENEURS INFLATION INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES INVESTING INVESTMENT ACTIVITY INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES INVESTMENT PROJECTS INVESTMENT RATE INVESTMENT RATES IRREVERSIBILITY JOB CREATION LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOUR MARKET LACK OF ACCESS LACK OF CREDIT LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LOAN LOAN APPLICATION LOAN APPLICATIONS LOCAL BUSINESS MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES MANUFACTURERS MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET FAILURE MARKET FAILURES MARKET PARTICIPANTS MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MINORITY ENTREPRENEURS MONOPOLY NEW MARKETS OBSTACLES TO GROWTH OPPORTUNITY COSTS PHYSICAL CAPITAL PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO CHOICE POSITIVE EFFECTS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROFIT RATE PROFITABILITY PROVISION OF CREDIT RATES OF RETURN RED TAPE REGULATORY SYSTEM RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURNS TO SCALE RISK AVERSE RISK PREMIUM SALES GROWTH SMALL FIRM SMALL FIRMS SOURCE OF INFORMATION STOCK DATA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SUNK COSTS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS TAX TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOTAL COSTS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE CREDIT TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TURNOVER VALUE ADDED WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGES WEALTH
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Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
Africa | Africa
2013-12-20T15:41:30Z | 2013-12-20T15:41:30Z | 2006-08-02
In the early 1990s the World Bank launched the Regional Program on Enterprise Development (RPED) in several African countries, a key component of which was to collect data on manufacturing firms. The data sets built by these and subsequent enterprise surveys in Africa generated considerable research. This article surveys the research on the African business environment, focusing on risk, access to credit, labor, and infrastructure, and on how firms organize themselves and do business. It reviews the research on enterprise performance, including enterprise growth, investment, and exports. The article concludes with a discussion of policy lessons.
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