The objectives of this Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) are as follows: To identify the social and environmental impacts which could be generated by oil and gas development, evaluating the scope and probability of these impacts due to increased activities in the onshore and offshore; to put forward recommendations to avoid, manage and/or attenuate these impacts; to facilitate the integration of these measures into a coherent policy and to ensure its application; and to help in capacity building and training of Government officials in the management oil and gas sector impacts, in particular the Ministries of Environment and Petroleum, Energy and Mines. It is divided into two parts. Part A contains the project background; hydrocarbon potential trend scenarios; critical environmental and social risks; and key SESA findings. Part B contains background and supporting information used in development of the SESA: Description of methodology used in the SESA; legal, regulatory and institutional framework; development trends, onshore and offshore; environmental setting - onshore and offshore; social setting; and cultural and archaeological heritage.