This paper describes a study carried out for the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MoTC), Oman to identify more efficient institutional and governance structures for Oman’s transport sector. The paper has been prepared for a wider readership of transport sector political leaders, public officials and their advisers who may be contemplating the assessment or strengthening of transport sector governance in their own countries. The study also recommended that a new framework for Oman’s freight logistics be established outside the structure of MOTC. This will be led by an inter-ministerial logistics council, with a technical logistics center to undertake research and plan improvements, and a Logistics Consultative Committee that will provide an interface between the private and public sectors.