In response to a request from the Government of Egypt, the World Bank undertook the analysis of selected sectoral issues in education and health. The objective of the analytical task was to inform policies to enhance human development impact of social sector expenditures in line with Egypt’s new constitutional mandate, which requires earmarked increases in the government’s expenditures on health, education and research. The studies focus primarily on the education and health sectors and constraints to achieving better outcomes in these sectors. It draws on information from the national budget, household survey data and evidence from previous analytical work.