In the Netherlands and the EU, there is an ambition to move towards a more circular system. Such a transition affects Dutch or European businesses, consumers and citizens, but also countries outside of Europe. These include low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which, as important manufacturing hubs and resource-based economies, are potential suppliers of circular products and green raw materials. They can also provide a market for recyclable and reusable materials generated in the EU. This paper presents the perspectives of public, private and civil society actors on the roles LMICs can play in the circular economy transition of the Netherlands and the EU. It explores their views on the opportunities and challenges for LMICs, and how these should be reflected in the circular economy strategies of the Netherlands and the EU.
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