To provide assistance related to COVID-19 and to inform future shock response, Nigeria piloted digital delivery of a cash transfer program geared toward reaching the urban informal. The pilot made use of mobile technology and direct deposit, but it relied on in-person site visits and struggled to make full...

Togo was able to effectively reach the urban informal sector with a fully digital social assistance program, Novissi. The denser telecommunications and financial networks found in cities better facilitated the fully digital program but may not have insured inclusion in all cases. Having timely data that se...