Despite their contribution to job creation, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are financially constrained. Lenders view SMEs as high risk borrowers and hence demand collateral, but lack of collateral inhibits SMEs access to credit. Relationship lending is believed to lessen collateral requirement and increase SMEs access to credit. However, recent studies questio...

We examine the finance-growth nexus in South Africa accounting for the role of bond markets, stock markets, and bank and non-bank financial intermediaries using a vector autoregressive technique. Extant empirical literature has largely accounted for only banks and stock markets, ignoring bond market and non-bank financial intermediaries. We find that bond market de...

We examine the finance-growth nexus in South Africa accounting for the role of bond markets, stock markets, and bank and non-bank financial intermediaries using a vector autoregressive technique. Extant empirical literature has largely accounted for only banks and stock markets, ignoring bond market and non-bank financial intermediaries. We find that bond market de...