The Allies under General Dwight D. Eisenhower fought a bitter air and land campaign in Tunisia against German and Italian forces for six long months between November 1942 and May 1943. Tunisian civilians, caught between the two sides, suffered tremendous human losses. Almost all of Tunisia's major cities and towns were destroyed or badly damaged and its economy wre...

The liberation of Tunisia from the Axis military forces in 1943 provided the first concrete opportunity for the USA to apply the Atlantic Charter principle of self-determination. This article shows how the US diplomat Robert D. Murphy as presidential representative and political advisor to General Eisenhower quietly undermined key elements of President Franklin D. ...