Somalia is an ancient country with classic history and relationship with ancient China, India and Egypt. Inhabitants of this Horn of African nation were not only engaged in commercial activities but equally in diplomatic exchanges and undertakings long before Europeans conducted external relations and expansion. For instance, the great Egyptian Queen and ruler, Ma'...

Within a few decades Somalia's political and military elites, more or less collectively, created a state of anarchy and destruction (Lewis, 1994, p. Vii). Tools applied in unleashing this catastrophe included extreme form of divisive qabiilah exacerbated by the involvement of external actors and superpower rivalry. The image of vicious qabiilah became globalized fo...