The Nile riparian countries established the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) in February 1999. The NBI is a transitional mechanism that provides an agreed framework to fight poverty and promote economic development. This study, reviews the opportunities for power trade in the Nile Basin countries (based on experience from other regions of the world), identifies the potential benefits of power trade at different stages of market development and barriers to regional power trade. The study is structured in four chapters: (i) an overview of the power sectors of the 10 Nile Basin countries and different types of power trade; (ii) potential for power trade based on the characteristics of the Nile Basin in terms of resource endowments, energy balances, existing generation and transmission facilities, and present and future demand and supply; (iii) scope for power trade in the Nile Basin; and (iv) framework for developing power trade.