Previous research has given scant attention to the issue of how and when ex-combatants resort to organized violence. This article fills this research gap by comparing ex-fighters in the Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone. It holds that ex-combatant violence is the result of interaction between entrepreneurs of violence, military affinities, intermediaries, and sele...

Previous research has given scant attention to the issue of how and when ex-combatants resort to organized violence. This article fills this research gap by comparing ex-fighters in the Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone. It holds that ex-combatant violence is the result of interaction between entrepreneurs of violence, military affinities, intermediaries, and sele...

<p>Published in <em>The Conversation</em> 2022-08-17. Published again 2023-03-19 translated to Indonesian, with title: <em>Riset petakan hubungan antara kebebasan akademik dan demokrasi: studi kasus pada negara-negara Afrika</em></p>