This research brief presents the current state of research knowledge on the array of different types of wartime sexual violence. Drawing on the collective body of research, the brief introduces a novel categorisation of wartime sexual violence built on the distinction between ‘ordered’ and ‘enabled’ wartime sexual violence. Ordered sexual violence is carried out on...

This research brief presents the current state of research knowledge on the array of different types of wartime sexual violence. Drawing on the collective body of research, the brief introduces a novel categorisation of wartime sexual violence built on the distinction between ‘ordered’ and ‘enabled’ wartime sexual violence. Ordered sexual violence is carried out on...

This research brief presents the current state of research knowledge on the array of different types of wartime sexual violence. Drawing on the collective body of research, the brief introduces a novel categorisation of wartime sexual violence built on the distinction between ‘ordered’ and ‘enabled’ wartime sexual violence. Ordered sexual violence is carried out on...

This research brief presents the current state of research knowledge on the array of different types of wartime sexual violence. Drawing on the collective body of research, the brief introduces a novel categorisation of wartime sexual violence built on the distinction between ‘ordered’ and ‘enabled’ wartime sexual violence. Ordered sexual violence is carried out on...

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB’s stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern...

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB’s stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern...

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB’s stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern...

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB’s stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern...

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB’s stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern...

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB’s stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern...

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB’s stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern...